Influenza, or flu, is more than just a bad cold – it’s a highly contagious viral infection that can be particularly tough on little ones, especially during the colder months. While most children make a full recovery, those under 5 years old and children with chronic medical conditions are more vulnerable to complications.
What is Influenza?
Influenza is caused by the influenza A or B viruses. It spreads through droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks – and also through contact with contaminated surfaces.
Unlike a cold, flu symptoms tend to come on suddenly and can make children feel quite unwell for several days.
Common Symptoms of Flu in Children
- Sudden high fever (often >38.5°C)
- Chills and body aches
- Dry cough
- Headache
- Sore throat
- Fatigue or weakness
- Vomiting or diarrhoea (especially in younger kids)
Flu symptoms typically last 5–7 days, though tiredness and a lingering cough can last longer.
Caring for a Child With Flu
- Rest: Encourage quiet rest and sleep to help the body fight off the virus.
- Hydration: Offer frequent sips of water, clear soups, or electrolyte solutions to prevent dehydration – especially if there’s a fever, vomiting, or diarrhoea.
- Fever & Pain Relief: Paracetamol or ibuprofen can help reduce fever and body aches. Avoid aspirin.
- Antivirals: Antiviral medication (e.g. oseltamivir – Tamiflu) is rarely needed in healthy children but may be considered in high-risk cases – ideally within the first 48 hours of symptoms. Always consult your doctor before starting treatment.
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical attention if your child:
- Has trouble breathing or is breathing very fast
- Is difficult to wake or unusually drowsy
- Refuses to drink or shows signs of dehydration (e.g. dry mouth, sunken eyes, reduced urine)
- Has a high fever that doesn’t improve with medication
- Improves but then worsens again
- Is under 2 years old or has a chronic illness (e.g. asthma, diabetes, immunosuppression)
The Flu Vaccine: What Parents Should Know
The annual flu vaccine is the most effective way to protect children – and those around them – from influenza.
- It’s recommended for all children aged 6 months and older, and especially important for those with chronic health conditions.
- The vaccine doesn’t contain live virus and cannot cause flu.
- It takes about 2 weeks to provide full protection after vaccination.
- Children receiving the flu vaccine for the first time under 9 years may need two doses, spaced at least 4 weeks apart.
Vaccination not only reduces the chance of getting flu, but also lowers the risk of severe complications like pneumonia or hospitalisation.
Flu Prevention Tips
- Annual flu vaccine for children over 6 months
- Encourage regular hand washing with soap and water
- Keep your child home from school or creche if they are unwell
- Encourage cough and sneeze etiquette – Teach your child to sneeze or cough into their elbow, not their hands
- Clean commonly touched surfaces regularly (toys, doorknobs, remotes)
Protecting Your Child
Flu can be unpleasant but manageable with the right care. Get in touch to book your child’s flu vaccine and help protect them this flu season. If you’re concerned that your child has flu symptoms, our team at Health Hive can guide you through the recovery process and check for signs of complications.
Still unsure if your child’s cough is just part of the flu or something more?
Read our blog on Understanding Coughs in Children to learn about the different types of coughs, red flags, and when to seek help.
If you’re feeling concerned or want your child seen, don’t hesitate to book an appointment with one of our doctors.
References
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD). Influenza in South Africa. Available at: https://www.nicd.ac.za/diseases-a-z-index/influenza/. Accessed May 2025.
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Flu Symptoms & Complications. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/flu/symptoms/symptoms.htm. Accessed May 2025.
- World Health Organization. Seasonal Influenza: Fact Sheet. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/influenza-(seasonal). Accessed May 2025.
- CDC. Influenza (Flu) Vaccine for Children. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/flu.html. Accessed May 2025.
- Mayo Clinic. Flu in Children: Symptoms and Treatment. Available at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719. Accessed May 2025.